![]() In the second cohort, patients with PMR were randomized and treated with tofacitinib or glucocorticoids (1/1) for 24 weeks. Furthermore, tofacitinib suppressed the IL-6R and JAK2 expression of CD4 +T cells from patients with PMR in vitro. We observed marked increases in expression of IL6R, IL1B, IL1R1, JAK2, TLR2, TLR4, TLR8, CCR1, CR1, S100A8, S100A12, and IL17RA, which could trigger JAK signaling. Inflammatory response and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction were the most notable pathways affected. In the first cohort, we found that the gene expression patterns of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in 11 patients (10 female, 1 male, age 68.0 ± 8.3) with newly diagnosed PMR were significantly different from 20 healthy controls (17 female, 3 male, age 63.7 ± 9.8) by RNA sequencing. We recruited treatment-naïve PMR patients from the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, between September 2020 and September 2022.
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